植物无融合生殖、杂种优势与甲基化的作用

Apomixis, Heterosis and Effects of Methylation in Plants

无融合生殖是一种不发生雌雄配子融合的一种无性生殖方式。杂种优势是杂交子代在生长势、成活性、抗逆性、适应性等方面均优于双亲均值的现象,已在农林业中广泛应用。不管是无融合生殖还是杂种优势,两者均为生产上有益的性状表现,且都是遗传控制的。常规的研究大多集中在作为遗传信息的携带者DNA上,但越来越多的研究表明DNA甲基化在无融合生殖及杂种优势中起着十分重要的作用。本综述对近年来无融合生殖、杂种优势与甲基化作用的研究进展作一一阐述,旨在为深入的理论与实验研究提供帮助。

Apomixis is an asexual propagation in which embryo is formed without the nuclear fusion of male and female gametes.Heterosis is a phenomenon in which hybrids are superior to their parents in growth vigor,survival,stress resistance and adaptability and has been widely applied to agriculture and forestry.Both apomixis and heterosis are beneficial to production and genetically controlled.Conventional genetic studies mainly concentrate on the DNA,which is the carrier of genetic information,but in recent years,it has been increasingly found that DNA methylation plays an important role in apomixs and heterosis.This paper reviewed research progress in apomixis,heterosis as well as methylation,aiming at providing references for in-depth theoretical and experimental studies in the future.