谷氨酰胺合成酶在植物氮同化及再利用中的研究进展

Research Progress of Glutamine Synthetase in Plant Nitrogen Assimilation and Recycling

氮素是植物生长发育和果实产收的关键必要元素,植物氮同化及再利用过程中,无机氮(NH4+)必须先被转化为谷氨酰胺(Gln)这一有机态氮后才能被植物吸收利用。谷氨酰胺合成酶(glutamine synthase, GS, E.C.6.3.1.2)是植物中无机氮到有机氮同化利用的关键催化酶。植物中谷氨酰胺合成酶由家族基因编码,植物间谷氨酰胺合成酶编码基因的信息、基因表达与调控、基因缺失及过表达的表型、蛋白定位、氮同化及再利用的功能行使等方面存在差异性。本综述阐述了不同物种中谷氨酰胺合成酶的研究进展,以期为植物氮利用研究提供参考。

Nitrogen is a key element for plant growth and fruit yield.In the process of nitrogen assimilation and reuse,inorganic nitrogen(NH4+)must be converted to glutamine(Gln),an organic nitrogen,before it can be absorbed and utilized by plants.Glutamine synthetase(GS;E.C.6.3.1.2)is a key catalytic enzyme for inorganic nitrogen to organic nitrogen assimilation and utilization in plants.Glutamine synthase is encoded by family genes in plants.There are differences in information,gene expression and regulation,gene deletion and overexpression phenotype,protein localization,nitrogen assimilation and reuse between plants.This review summarized the research progress of glutamine synthase in different species,hoping to provide references for plant nitrogen utilization.