影响烟草早花因素的研究进展

The Research Progress of the Factors Affecting the Early-flowering of Tobacco

在烟草育种过程中,缩短烟草生长周期并促进烟草早花结实,有利于加快育种改良速率。本研究对影响烟草早花及缩短烟草生长周期的条件的研究进行分析和综述,包括温度、光照、激素、水肥、栽培管理及基因等因素的影响。烟株一般在6～8片真叶期,13℃左右低温诱导15 d以上能促进早花;短日照性烟草品种,缩短日照至6～8 h能促进早花;赤霉素及适当比例(1:1-0.1:1)的生长素和细胞分裂素能促进花芽形成;基因NtFT4在烟草中过表达可促进烟草早花。本研究为加快烟草育种进程中条件的控制提供了有益参考。

In the process of tobacco breeding,shortening the growth cycle of tobacco and promoting the early-flowering seeding can accelerate the rate of breeding improvement.This review analyzed and summarized the researches on the condition affecting tobacco early flowering and shortening the growth cycle of tobacco,including the effects of temperature,light,hormones,water and fertilizer,cultivation management,and genes.Low temperature induction at about 13℃for more than 15 days could promote early blossoming in the leaf stage of 6~8 leaves generally.Shortening sunlight to 6~8 hours could expedite early flowering for short-day tobacco varieties.Gibberellin and appropriate proportions(1:1-0.1:1)of auxin and cytokinins could motivate flower bud formation.Overexpression of gene NtFT4 in tobacco could accelerate early flowering.This review would provide a useful reference for accelerating the conditions control in tobacco breeding process.