油脂的代谢途径及提高油料作物含油量的育种策略

Metabolic Pathway of Lipid and Breeding Strategies for Improving Oil Content in Oil Crops

油料作物是人们日常生活所需植物油的重要来源。近年来,中国食用植物油消费量持续增长,需求缺口不断扩大,因此提高油料作物单位面积的产量和培育高含油量的油料作物是发展食用油市场的必经之路。通过对模式植物的研究,植物油脂的代谢途径及其调控机制都已有较深的了解,这些研究不但可以揭示含油量差异的原因,也可以挖掘含油量增加的潜力,具有广泛的应用前景。本研究从分析三酰甘油代谢的生物机制入手,讨论提高油料作物种子含油量的不同策略。油料作物基因水平的研究也正在大量进行,为创制优良的油料作物种质提供育种策略和技术手段。本研究以期通过上述的评述与展望为油料作物的育种研究提供参考。

Oil crop s are an important source of vegetable oils for people’s daily life.In recent years,the consumption of edible vegetable oil in China has continued to grow,and the demand gap has been expanding.Therefore,in order to develop the edible oil market,it is necessary to improve oil yield per unit area and cultivate oil crops with high oil content.Through the study of model plants,the metabolic pathway of lipid and its regulation mechanism have been deeply understood.These studies can not only reveal the causes of the difference in oil content,but also tap the potential of oil content increase,which has broad application prospects.This paper started with the analysis of the biological mechanism of triacylglycerol metabolism and discussed different strategies for improving the oil content of oil crop seeds.Researches on the genetic level of oil crops are also being carried out in large numbers,which would provide breeding strategies and technical means for creating excellent oil crop germplasm.This paper hoped to provide reference for the research of oil crop breeding through the above reviews and prospects.