植物化感物质的研究现状

Research Advances of Plant Allelochemicals

化感作用是指各种植物(包括微生物)所释放的化学物质引起的相生相克作用,其产生的化学物质称为化感物质。本综述以植物化感物质为核心,对研究方法、化学分类和生物效应作用机制的研究现状进行阐述。主要内容是研究者通过对供体植物组织或培养基进行提取,将获得的溶液通过化学手段进行分离,后将其用于化学物鉴定或生物测定。化感物质根据化学类型分为3类:酚类化合物及衍生物、萜类及萜苷类和生物碱,它们都可以显著的影响植物(甚至动物)的生理活动。化感物质主要通过干扰受体植物光合作用、呼吸作用、氧化还原反应、内源激素、破坏其生物膜的渗透性和影响根系对矿物质的吸收等途径发挥作用。

Allelopathy is described as the interference to plant growth resulting from chemical interactions among plants and other organisms mediated through release of plant-produced bioactive secondary metabolites referred to as allelochemicals.This review aims to present a general overview of conventional research methods,the biochemical classification of allelochemicals and allelochemical modes of action among plant and plant.The research of phytochemicals is mainly about the identification of allelochemicals and the effects on plants.By extracting the donor plant tissue or soil,the solution with allelochemicals was isolated by chemical methods and then used for chemical identification or biological determination.Allelochemicals can be separated as phenolic compounds and their derivatives,terpenoids and alkaloids,all of which can significantly affect the physiological activities of plants(even animals).Photosynthesis,respiration,redox,endogenous hormones,membrane permeability and nutrient uptake are all involved in how the allelochemicals interact plants.