天山冰川物质平衡波动和径流的同步监测

Simultaneous Monitoring of Mass Balance Fluctuations and Runoff of the Tianshan Glaciers

为了研究冰川物质平衡和径流形成过程的同步性,1989年夏季在图尤克苏冰川(外伊犁阿拉套山)、萨雷托尔冰川(阿克什腊克山)和乌鲁木齐河1号冰川(天格尔山)开展了同步观测。融水渗浸作用和径流过程在西天山所有高度范围、在中央天山和东天山下部地带均有发生。夏季,中央天山4800—5000m以上的山地持续雪的积累,而未形成表面径流。最大负物质平衡出现在西天山的北天山。在冰川负物质平衡的年份里,增补的融水注入河流,这一过程在西天山持续到8月上旬到9月底,而在东天山和中央天山则持续到8月末。

Simultaneous measurements on the glaciers Tuyuksu (Zailiysky Alatau), Sary-Tor (Akshiyrak range) and Glacier No.1 (Tianger range) were carried out for studying synchronism of mass balance and runoff formation processes during summer period of 1989. The mass balance and the equilibrium line altitude were measured by stakes and pits network every 5-10 days. Infiltration and runoff processes occur at the whole altitudinal range in western and the most low parts of central and eastern Tianshan. The snow accumulation goes on continuously during summer period in highest ridges of central Tianshan over 4.8-5.0 km a.s.l. and the runoff does not take place there. The largest negative mass balance and the maximum glacier runoff intersity occur on the north and the west Tianshan slopes. The supplementary water influx to rivers occurs in years with negative mass balance value of the glaciers. It lasts from the first ten-day period of August to the late September in the west Tianshan and to the end of August in the east and central Tianshan.