炼铝作业氟化物接触剂量与发病关系的分析

Analysis on the relationship between fluoride exposure and industrial flurosis in aluminum smeltery

目的 了解炼铝作业氟的危害状况 ,为工业性氟病的防治提供依据。方法 对氟作业环境进行职业卫生学调查。采用剂量患病率寿命表法对 866名电解铝作业工人工业性氟病的发病情况进行流行病学调查 ,并作相关回归分析。结果 该厂接氟工人工业性氟病的总患病率为 1 73 % ,且患病率随累积接氟量的增加而升高 ,呈高度正相关 (r =0 997,P <0 0 1)。并据所求得回归方程 (^y =10 3 4InD -18 2 1)推算出接氟工人控制某患病率时的允许连续工作年限和今后的发病趋势。结论 该厂电解铝车间氟危害较重 ,应加强卫生防护措施 ,并建议将车间氟最高容许浓度从目前 1mg/m3 降为 0 5mg/m3 为宜。

Objective To study the present status of fluorine hazard in aluminum-smelting work and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of industrial fluorosis.Methods Occupational hygiene investigation was made on the working sites exposed to fluorine. Life table of dose-morbidity rate was used to study the prevalence of industrial fluorosis of 866 electrolytic aluminum workers and a correlation-regression analysis was carried out. Results The total morbidity rate of industrial fluorosis among the workers exposed to fluorine was 1.73% in this mill. Moreover, the incidence of industrial fluorosis had a good correlation with the cumulative exposure quantity of fluoride (r=0.997, P<0.01). According to the regression equation (=10.34 InD-18.21), under the control of morbidity rate, the permissible continuous working years of the workers exposed to fluorine and the prevalence tendency of industrial fluorosis in future might be calculated. Conclusion The hazard of fluorine was serious in electrolytic aluminum workship of this mill. Hygienic protective measures should be strengthened. It suggested that the maximum allowable concentration of fluorine of working sites should be reduced from 1 to 0.5 mg/m^3.