海底电场传感器原理及研制技术

THE THEORY AND DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGY OF THE SEA-FLOOR ELECTRIC FIELD SENSOR

因海底电场信号微弱、海下自然环境复杂以及海水导电介质以氯离子为主等原因,用于海下电场信号测量的电场传感器在材料和结构上有其特殊性。研制海底电场传感器成为开展海洋大地电磁探测的重要技术内容之一。研制过程遇到的主要技术问题有:海底电极材料的选择;电极的制作工艺;承压与密封技术;海水运动对测量产生不利影响的克服办法;水下弱信号传输的抗干扰问题,等等。阐述了对上述问题的解决办法,提出了海底电场传感器的全套研制方案,并列举了相关的室内模拟实验和海洋试验的结果。

Because of the faint electric field signal on sea-floor, the complex nature environment under the sea and chlorine ion as electric conduction in seawater, the material and the structure of the sea-floor electric field sensor is completely different from that of the electrode which is used on land. The development of the sea-floor electric field sensor becomes one of the important technologies for the marine MT prospecting. The main technical difficulties during the development are: the selection of the sea-floor electric field sensor′s material; the process of sensor making; the technology of the sealing and compressive stress bearing; the elimination of influence by the flowing water; the anti-jamming during the faint signal transmission; etc. In this paper, the solutions for above problems are described. The scheme of the sea-floor electric field sensor development, and some simulation study and sea experimentation results are given.