我国农村发展地域差异及类型划分

Study on the Regional Disparities of Rural Development in China

与我国区域经济发展空间分异规律一样,作为区域发展重要组成部分的农村经济也存在明显的空间差异。该文采用泰勒(Theil)区域不平衡指数分析了改革开放以来我国农村经济发展状况,研究表明我国的农村发展存在着明显的东中西三大地带性差异,其中以非农产业的差距最大,这种差异在1993年以前处于不断扩大的趋势,之后,经济总量的差距趋于缩小,但农民收入水平的差距继续扩大。为了反映不同地区农村发展更深层次的差异,笔者进一步提出了农村发展评估指标体系,并根据该指标体系采用层次聚类法将全国划分为六大农村地域经济类型,总结分析了不同农村地域类型的特点及地域差异的形成原因。

The regional disparities of rural development in China since the reform are examined based on Theil's regional inequality index. By using the three belts (the East, the Middle and the West) data and provincial data in the period of 1980～2000, I find that rural regional disparities in rural economic, agricultural production, and rural no-agricultural production among the three belts of China widened as reform progress until 1993, after which it started diminishing. But the inequality of farmer's income continues to widen, which is because the development of un-developed areas needs more accumulation. In order to study rural development diversities more deeply, the evaluation index for rural development are proposed, which are used to classify China into six different rural development types. Each type has its own characteristics and the physical condition and original economic base, culture and history background, seat and transportation, and progress of rural industry and economic reform, are the major reasons for the formation of rural development disparities.