当无神论遭遇有神信仰——论抗战时期陕甘宁边区的巫医改造

When Atheism Encountering Theism——On Reforming the Witchdoctors in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region during the Anti-Japanese War

抗战时期,陕甘宁边区政府发起反巫神运动,将巫医视为封建迷信的产物,采取雷厉风行的行政手段将其打倒。但由于巫医在民间拥有巨大的市场和较高的社会地位,其存在有着深刻的社会经济和文化根源,因而遭遇到民间的抵制。为此,边区党和政府的政策从打倒巫神向改造巫医转变,一批被批判、被打倒的巫医经过教育,自发起来揭发巫神的骗人伎俩,逐步成为边区医疗卫生队伍的一员。通过巫医改造既教育了群众,打击了诈财害命的二流子,又挽救了巫医,使他们自食其力,为边区医疗卫生工作发挥积极作用。共产党人在无神论与有神信仰之间找到了适当平衡。

During the period of the Anti-Japanese War, the government of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia BorderRegion Area launched the campaign to crack down with resolute and administrative means on witchdoctors, aproduct of feudal superstitions. However, as witchdoctors had enjoyed a huge demand and a high social status inthe society, with profound socio-economic and cultural roots, the campaign met with strong resistance. In view ofthis, the Party and government in the border region area shifted the focus of the policy from "cracking down withthe witchdoctors?, to ^reforming the witchdoctors \ and hence some reformed witchdoctors who had beendenounced in the beginning of the campaign volunteered to expose the deceptive devices of witchcrafts, andgradually became part of the medical workers in the border areas. The reforming campaign educated the public,delivered a fatal blow to the loafers who lived on swindling people out of their money regardless of their lives, andturned some witchdoctors into self-reliant and useful people, who later played an active role in the medical work ofthe border region area. The Party struck a balance between atheism and theism.