深度贫困地区贫困村多维贫困研究——基于四川大小凉山彝区的实证分析

A Study on Multidimensional Poverty of the Villages in Extreme Poverty——An Empirical Analysis Based on the Survey in Liangshan Yi Ethnic Region in Sichuan

通过构建贫困村多维贫困指标体系,使用2015年建档立卡贫困村调研数据,以深度贫困地区大小凉山彝区为研究区域,对其多维贫困状况进行测度和分解,发现深度贫困地区贫困村遭受着严重的多维贫困剥夺,特别是受到村集体经济收入低下和初等教育滞后的影响。同时,人群特征对贫困村多维贫困有重要影响,妇女人口多或长期慢性病患者多的贫困村遭受的贫困剥夺更为严重;劳动力、外出务工人口或大家庭户多的贫困村遭受的贫困剥夺更轻。进而提出在深度贫困地区贫困村亟待改变的是初级教育的普及,而村集体经济的建立不应急功近利,同时应着重关注妇女人口、长期慢性病患者和6人以下的家庭,为深度贫困地区脱贫攻坚减少阻力增添动力。

By constructing a multi- dimensional poverty index system based on the data obtained from thesurvey in the poverty-stricken villages in 2015, this study measures and unpacks the multi-dimensional povertysituation in the extremely poor Liangshan Yi ethnic minority region. The research shows that the villages in extremepoverty suffer from severe multi-dimensional poverty, of which the incomes of the collective economy and primaryeducation are two key contributing factors. In addition , the demographic factor also has considerable impact, asvillages with a large population of women or the ones afflicted by chronical diseases in the long run are severelydeprived by poverty;whereas, the ones with more labor force, migrant workers or larger households are lessdeprived. Hence, this study proposes that the popularization of primary education should be the top priority forareas of extreme poverty, and the village collective economy should be developed in a long-term view instead ofaiming at instant gains. Meanwhile, greater care should be given to the women, the ones afflicted by prolongedchronical diseases and households with less than 6 members, so as to reduce barriers and increase incentives inthe fight against poverty in areas of extreme poverty.