改革开放以来巡视制度重构的阶段、特征及理论逻辑

Stages, Characteristics and Theoretical Logic of the Reconstruction of Inspection System since the Reform and Opening up

改革开放以来中国共产党的巡视监督制度重构经历了酝酿、探索、试点与发展的演进过程。就巡视制度演进的特点来看,表现为制度形成过程的渐进性、制度运行的独立化与专门化以及制度执行的强势化。从巡视制度重构的理论逻辑来看,巡视制度的重构是在改革开放以来的"放权让利"引发地方主义兴起的背景下遏制地方主义、疏通中央与地方关系的一种制度策略,是以巡视强势化监督填补"一把手"监督"盲区"的一种制度破解,也是为降低制度运行风险与制度成本、增强制度认同的一种传统与现代巡视监督制度变迁的制度扬弃。改革开放以来巡视监督制度的重构有效解决了中央权威流失问题及中国共产党对各级政党"一把手"的监督难等问题,形成了具有中国特色的党内政治监督制度。

Since the reform and opening up,the reconstruction of inspection and supervision system of the Communist Party of China has undergone an evolutionary process of preparation,exploration,piloting and development.The characteristics of the evolution of the inspection system are manifested in gradual formation,independent and specialized operation,and powerful implementation.In terms of theoretical logic,reconstruction of the inspection system is an institutional strategy to curb localism and unblock the relationship between central and local governments in the context of the rising localism caused in the process of"delegating power and transferring profits"since the reform and opening up.It is an institutional solution to address the blind spots of the"top leader"with severe supervision.It is also a necessary measure to reduce the operation risk and cost of the system and make the system more acceptable in the evolution from a traditional inspection system to a modern one.Since the reform and opening up,reconstruction of the inspection system has effectively handled the decline of the central power and the difficulty of the Chinese Communist Party in supervising the top leaders of the CPC at all levels.It is a political supervision system with Chinese characteristics within the CPC.