粤港澳大湾区旅游企业创新评价体系与模型检验

Innovation Evaluation System and Model Test for Tourism Enterprises in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Marco Greater Bay Area

旅游业是"创新驱动促进产业转型升级"的现代服务业的支柱产业之一,在推动区域产业升级中作用巨大。通过层次分析、问卷调查、专家讨论等方法,以粤港澳大湾区147家旅游企业数据为样本,从"管理-产品-营销-服务"视角,我们可构建一个包含4项一级指标、16项二级指标的旅游企业创新能力评价指标体系;并从"景区、酒店、旅行社、旅游电子商务企业、旅游产品和设备供应企业"获得相应二级指标的行业系数,和二级指标权重一起,运用线性加权综合法构建评价模型来对旅游企业创新能力进行检验。研究发现粤港澳大湾区旅游企业的创新能力水平普遍较高,香港、澳门、广州、深圳的旅游企业创新能力表现更好,深圳和广州尤其突出;细分行业创新能力强弱依次是"旅游产品和设备供应企业、景区、旅行社、酒店、旅游电子商务企业",旅游企业的五个细分行业旅游创新能力差别较大,景区、旅游产品和设备供应企业是旅游创新的主力,香港在景区上表现最突出,澳门在酒店上表现最突出,中山在旅游产品和设备供应企业上表现较好。

Tourism is one of the pillar industries of modern service industry, which is "innovation-driven to promote industrial transformation and upgrade". It plays an important role in promoting regional industrial upgrade. Through the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP), questionnaire surveys, professional discussions and other methods, taking the data of 147 tourism enterprises in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Marco Greater Bay Area as samples, from the perspective of"management-product-marketing-service", we can construct a tourism enterprise innovation ability evaluation index system which includes 4 first-level indexes and 16 second-level indexes. Besides, the industry coefficient of corresponding second-level indexes obtained from "scenic spots, hotels, travel agencies, e-commerce tourism enterprises,tourism products and equipment supply enterprises", together with the second-level index weights, we use the linear weighted synthesis method to construct an evaluation model to test the innovation ability of tourism enterprises. The study shows that the level of innovation ability of tourism enterprises in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is generally higher, and the innovation ability of tourism enterprises in Hong Kong, Macao, Guangzhou and Shenzhen is better, especially in Guangzhou and Shenzhen. The sub-industries ranked in order of innovation ability are "tourism products and equipment supply enterprises, scenic spots, travel agencies, hotels, and e-commerce tourism enterprises".The five sub-industries of tourism enterprises have big differences in tourism innovation ability. Scenic spots, tourism products and equipment suppliers are the main force of tourism innovation. Hong Kong is the most prominent in scenic spots, Macao is the most prominent in hotels, and Zhongshan is the best in tourism products and equipment suppliers.