假象行政行为的界定和权利救济

Redefining and Legal Protection of the Sham Administrative Act

假象行政行为应当界定为具有行政行为效力外观但实体上不成立行政行为且可归责于国家的情形,这主要包括行政机关未有效送达、行政机关的意思表示存在瑕疵和形式使用错误三种情形。面对假象行政行为产生的事实性效果,受影响的公民应当获得澄清的机会,以消除该行为给自身带来的法的不安定性。行政行为是否成立的不确定性不能给公民造成不利后果。但允许行政相对人对形式行政行为提起撤销之诉会造成出现"行政诉讼意义上的行政行为",不仅违背有效权利救济原则,还会影响行政诉讼类型化的构建。

The sham administrative act should be defined as the situation that is blamed on the administrativeorgan and has the appearance of administrative act but does not establish an administrative actin essence. This mainly includes the situation that the administrative organ has not been effectivelyserved, Absence of intention and form use error. In the face of the factual effect of the sham administrativeact, the affected citizen should be given the opportunity to clarify in order to eliminate the law's instabilitycaused by the act. The uncertainty of whether an administrative act is established cannot have adverseconsequences for citizens. Allowing the administrative counterpart to revoke the formal administrative actcauses the concept of administrative act in the sense of administrative litigation, which not only violatesthe principle of effective rights relief, but also affects the construction of administrative litigation type.