北京《商务报》的“知识”面相:清末新政中知识界对“商务”的具体认知

Aspects of “Knowledge” in Business Paper in Beijing:the Specific Apperception of the Intelligentsia to Business in the New Deal Period of the Late Qing Dynasty

清末新政时期,中央性质的《商务报》在京创刊,被清廷新设商部视作“通下情”的重要举措。其刊载体例与内容文本的多样,正呈现了晚清知识界在因应变局过程中所建构的“商”的相关“知识”面相:朝野对“商务”的认知与“工商”所代表的“文明”价值取向;农、工、商的道德性与知识性在不同层次的传统中得到正名;“商人”形象的流变;“商学”内涵表述的复杂多歧以及对“商道”的颠覆性认知。它们共同指向了商事活动在晚清社会意识中获得道义合法性的过程。但在清廷看来,“商务”与“国事”仍存紧张,而新的商业伦理的逐渐确立,却真的成为改变清廷“治体”的重要因素,这应该是清廷始料未及的.

The central character of Business Paper was founded in Beijing in November 1903 when theNew Deal period of the late Qing Dynasty. It was considered to be a key measure to contact withpeople by the Department of business of the Qing court. As the prodecessor of the OfficialBusiness Paper, Business Paper hadn' t been patterned and texts in it were multifarious. So thecharacteristic of the newspaper reflected some aspects of "knowledge” about "business'' whichthe intelligentsia constructed in order to cope with changing situation in the late Qing Dynasty: theapperception to "business” by the court and the commonalty, a kind of "civilization ' respresentedby "industry and commerce'' , agriculture, manufacture and business seen as valuable and equalin different troditions, the change of the magic of "businessman”,the complexity of 44businessstudies” and continuing and changing in the ethic of business. The above presents the process inwhich business affairs were thought to be rightful in the late Qing Dynasty. However, there wasthe tension between "business affairs'' and "national affairsin the Qing court opinion. But thenew business ethic being gradually founded really became a key factor which transformed thepolitical system of the Qing court. This consequence couldn' t be expected by the Qing court.