干细胞治疗阿尔茨海默病的研究现状及发展趋势

Stem cell therapy for Alzheimer’s disease: research status and developmental trend

背景:阿尔茨海默病是一种脑退行性疾病,目前药物对其治疗无明显效果,干细胞移植为其提供了一个新的治疗手段。目的:揭示干细胞治疗阿尔茨海默病的主题、演进路径和研究进展,以期对阿尔茨海默病的研究和临床治疗提供参考。方法:检索中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、ISI Web of Knowledge数据库和Embace数据库,以"Alzheimer’s disease""stem cell""阿尔茨海默病""干细胞"+"阿尔茨海默病"为关键词检索相关文献,运用Cite Space软件对干细胞治疗阿尔茨海默病进行可视化知识图谱分析和文献梳理。结果与结论:干细胞治疗阿尔茨海默病研究的演进路径与干细胞移植研究密切相关。该研究主线单一且突出,围绕"阿尔茨海默病——干细胞、神经干细胞——移植——骨髓间充质干细胞、间充质干细胞、人脐带间充质干细胞、β-淀粉样蛋白——组织工程"等关键词和由其构成的核心领域而展开和实施的。人类干细胞临床试验也已处于初期阶段,应重视使用干细胞的安全性、有效性及伦理问题,将干细胞分化调控作为研究重点,尽早实现个体化的干细胞治疗,为阿尔茨海默病患者带来曙光。

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative brain disease, and there are no known drugs for curingAlzheimer’s disease. Stem cell transplantation provides a new therapeutic method for Alzheimer’s disease.OBJECTIVE: To reveal the theme, evolutionary path and research progress of stem cell therapy for Alzheimer’sdisease, in a bid to provide reference for the research and clinical treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.METHODS: A computer search of CNKI, CBM, ISI Web of knowledge, and Embace was performed with thekeywords of “Alzheimer’s disease” and “stem cells” + “Alzheimer’s disease,” in Chinese and English, respectively.We conducted a visualized knowledge mapping and literature review of stem cell therapy for Alzheimer’s diseaseusing CiteSpace software.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The evolutionary path of research on stem cell therapy for Alzheimer’s disease is closely related to stem celltransplantation research. The main line of this research is single and prominent, which is developed and implemented based on the keywordsof “Alzheimer’s disease - stem cells, neural stem cells - transplantation - bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells,human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, beta-amyloid - tissue engineering,” and the core domains composed by these keywords.Human stem cell clinical trials are ongoing in the early stage. The safety, efficacy and ethical issues of stem cells should be emphasized. Theregulation of stem cell differentiation should become an issue of concern, and individualized stem cell treatment should be implemented assoon as possible.