景观呈现与知识生产:以哈尼梯田为中心的讨论

Landscape Presentation and Knowledge Production:A Discussion Centered on Honghe Hani Rice Terraces

哈尼梯田文化景观是人类实践活动的结果。景观因涉及一整套与人们的生存发展紧密联系的知识系统而不易于呈现。景观呈现是人们对景观展开的第二次创作,是对社会文化景观以及形塑景观的地方知识等进行言说的文化书写行为。片面依赖景观自身抑或高度通约的解说仍无法解决景观呈现的难题。文字及行为标识等指示性符号共同协作,真正引导文化释读极为重要。景观呈现的过程其实也是众多地方知识之间展开对话的过程,充分尊重游客携带不同地方知识的事实也是进行具有普适性地方知识生产的必要前提,有利于来自多元文化背景的人群在交流过程中不断接近并达成互相理解。

The cultural landscape ofHonghe Hani Rice Terraces is the result of human practice.Landscape is not easy to present because it involves a set of knowledge systems closely related to people's survival and development.Landscape presentation is a second-time creation of landscape by human;it is also a cultural writing behavior of expressing social and cultural landscape and presenting local knowledge which helps shaping the landscape.The landscape itself or highly consensual interpretation still could not solve the problem of landscape presentation.It is very important to guide cultural interpretation through the collaboration of indicative symbols such as characters signs and behavioral signs.In fact,the process of landscape presentation is also a process of dialogue among differentsystems of local knowledge.Fully respecting the fact that tourists carry different local knowledge is also a necessary prerequisite for the production of universal local knowledge.It is beneficial for people from multi-cultural backgrounds to constantly approach and understand each other in the process of communication.