历史之舟:对清水江流域M寨的人类学考察

The Boat of History: the Anthropology Investigation on M Village in Qingshui River Area

在贵州清水江中游地区流传着一个关于苗族独木龙舟节的神话传说,传说中M寨的龙舟是“鬼龙”“火龙”,现实中M寨不仅被其他村寨疏离,龙舟节期间还要遵守各种禁忌,但尽管如此,M寨依然坚持划龙舟。通过对相关历史文献的梳理与当地人口述资料的整理,认为有关神话中M寨的身份建构与该地区的历史变迁密切相关。神话的存在,使M寨难逃枷锁,却成为其他村寨疏离M寨的依据,而双方立场是一方极力扭转,一方难解束缚,这才是目前M寨所处境遇的关键原因。

There is a legend about Dragon Boat Festival of Miao people in middle reach of Qingshui River in Guizhou,in which the boats in M village are viewed as the“ghost dragon”and“fire dragon”,so M village is alienated by other villages and has to abide by some taboos.But M village still continues to hold the activity to row the dragon boat.Based on the relative historic literature and oral materials from local people,the present study points that the view about M village in the legend comes from the historical event of Ping Qian Ding Man,which causes the alienation from other villages.Therefore,the crucial reason of the current situation of M village is the struggling with changing the situation of one side and difficult untying the shackle of the other side.