火车与文学现代性的生成——以日本、韩国的近代文学为例

Train and the Generation of Literary Modernity——Taking Japanese and Korean Contemporary Literature as Examples

日本在明治维新之后大举修建铁路。火车在近代从西方引入日本。19世纪末到20世纪初,沦为日本殖民地的韩国被动地接受了以日本为媒介而涌入的火车。火车作为近代化、工业化的主要标志和象征之一,以其快速和准时的特点,极大地压缩了时空的距离,连接城乡,培养人们的守时观念,并为人际交往创造新的空间。在带来新代文明的迅捷和便利的同时,火车这个近代文明的产物也极大冲击了人们的传统生活方式,其冷酷、暴力的机器属性使处于时代巨变中的人们感到恐惧和焦虑。对于这个具有两面性的近代事物,日、韩两国的作家充满了复杂的情感,一方面是对新事物感到好奇与惊叹,另一方面也对机器与人类的关系充满恐慌,将火车视为代表邪恶、危险和死亡的魔鬼。本文以空间理论为依据,以火车空间作为分析对象,研究火车这一文学意象对日韩两国近代文学所产生的影响,并探讨其背后的寓意与涵义,从而更好地理解近代这一复杂的时期。

After the Meiji Restoration,Japan built a large number of railways.Trains were introduced into Japan from the West in modern times.From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century,Korea,which had become a Japanese colony,passively accepted the influx of trains through the media of Japan.As the main symbol of modernization and industrialization,train,on the one hand,with its speed and punctuality,greatly reduces the distance between time and space,connects urban and rural areas,cultivates people’s punctuality concept,and creates new space for interpersonal communication.While the train brings the rapidity and convenience of the new generation civilization,the product of the modern civilization has also greatly impacted people’s traditional way of life.Its cruel and violent mechanical attributes make people feel fear and anxiety in the great changes of the times.The writers of Japan and Korea are full of complex emotions about this modern thing with two sides.On the one hand,they are curious and amazed at new things,on the other hand,they are full of panic about the relationship between machines and human beings.They regard trains as dangerous evil,and the devil of death.Based on the space theory and taking the train space as the analysis object,this paper studies the influence of the train image on the modern literature of Japan and Korea,and explores the implication and meaning behind it,so as to better understand the complex period of modern times.