“送穷”与“送痘神”:中韩两国民间风俗小考——以韩愈《送穷文》与朝鲜文人的《送痘神文》为例

“Cast out Poverty” and “Cast out the God of Smallpox”: A Brief Comparison of Folk Customs in China and Korea——Take Hanyu’s “SongQiongWen” and Korean Literati’s “SongDuShinMun” as Examples

中韩两国交流的历史悠久,在诸多方面关系密切。两国在文化习俗方面有很多似而不同之处。其中,中国的“送穷”仪式与韩国的“送痘神”仪式在民俗学上有很多相似点。朝鲜后期天花(痘疫)肆虐一时,一些文人有意借鉴和化用韩愈的《送穷文》创作了《送痘神文》。鉴于此,本文先从文化的角度察看“送穷”与“送痘神”的渊源和背景,接着以《送痘神文》为中心,探讨文化的类似性如何转化为文学方面的接受、创新。

Korea and China have a long and complicated history,with a plethora of examples of cultural exchange resulting in many similarities.Among these,the overlapping folklore of the two countries provides a window on this cultural dialogue,as can be seen in the ceremonies to“Cast out Poverty”and“Cast out the God of Smallpox”in China and Korea respectively.In the late Chosun dynasty,smallpox was rife,encouraging members of the literati to intentionally transform“Cast out Poverty”(“Song qiong wen”,《送穷文》)a text written by Han Yu in the Tang dynasty,into“Cast out the God of Smallpox”(“Song du shin mun”《送痘神文》),.Examining the cultural imagery and discourse found in these two sources and their contexts,this article explores the process by which cultural similarity is transformed into literary creation.