先秦两汉时期中医对“血”的认识

Chinese Medicine Understanding of“Blood”in Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties

现就目前已经完成整理并公布的先秦两汉出土文献中“血”的相关资料进行系统整理,并旁参《黄帝内经》和其他先秦两汉传世经典文献,以期梳理出这一时期中医对“血”的认识。整理按照血与生命的联系、血与气及其相关问题、血的转化和相关的禁忌、病证及治疗几个角度进行,结果显示:1)人们关于血的认识,总是以生命作为起点;2)血与气关系密切,目前出土的文献中以血气出现的频率较高,而不是气血;3)血的转化有生理性的也有病理性的;4)先秦两汉时期血相关病证很多,血忌日是针灸家时日忌针说的来源。当时的人们对于血的认识包括生理和文化2个层面,并且这2个层面的认识既相对独立、相互交织,又相互影响。

This paper collated and systematically analyzed the present published pre-Qin and Han dynasties unearth literature related to “blood”,using Inner Canon of Huangdi and other transmitted literature from pre-Qin dynasties,in order to draw an outline of the Chinese medicine understanding of “blood” in this period.These texts have been categorized by the relationship between blood and life,blood and qi and related issues,transformation of blood and related taboos,illnesses and treatment.The results showed that:1)understanding of blood starts from life.2)blood and qi is closed related,and blood qi appears more than qi blood in the present unearthed literature.3)blood can transform physiologically and pathologically.4)in pre-Qin and Han period,there were many blood-related illnesses and taboos,the latter had become a source of acupuncture taboo.People′s understanding of blood at that time included both physical and cultural aspects,and the two aspects were relatively independent,but intertwined,and interacted with each other.