孕期补充叶酸对胎儿发育的影响

Effect of Folic Acid Supplementation during Pregnancy on Fetal Development

目的分析孕妇孕期补充叶酸对新生儿早期发育的影响。方法方便选取2015年8月—2017年3月期间367例孕妇为研究对象,按数字表法随机分组,对照组共183例(常规保健)、观察组共184例(常规保健上补充适量叶酸),所有孕妇随访至新生儿出生3个月,对比两组新生儿生长发育情况(头围、身高、胸围),统计胎儿不良结局(低体重、缺氧缺血脑病、神经管畸形等)发生情况。结果观察组新生儿头围为(35.48±2.06)cm高于对照组(32.50±1.74)cm(t=14.127,P=0.000);身高为(51.68±1.42)cm高于对照组(47.63±1.52)cm(t=24.899,P=0.000);胸围为(36.08±2.35)cm高于对照组(31.26±1.45)cm(t=22.304,P=0.000);观察组胎儿不良发育发生率为2.44%低于对照组7.98%(χ^2=5.084,P=0.024)。结论对妊娠期孕妇适量补充叶酸,有利于胎儿正常生长发育,有效减少胎儿先心病、低体重、缺氧缺血脑病等不良发育发生。

Objective To analyze the effects of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy on early neonatal development. Methods A total of 367 pregnant women from August 2015 to March 2017 were convenient selected as subjects. They were randomly divided into two groups according to the digital table method. There were 183 patients in the control group (conventional health care) and 184 patients in the observation group (normal amount of folic acid supplemented on routine health care). All pregnant women were followed up to newborns. Three months after birth, the growth and development of the two groups (head circumference, height, chest circumference) were compared, and the incidence of adverse fetal outcomes (low body weight, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, neural tube defects, etc.) was counted. Results The head circumference of the observation group was (35.48±2.06) cm higher than that of the control group (32.50±1.74) cm (t=14.127, P=0.000);the height was (51.68±1.42) cm higher than the control group (47.63±1.52)cm (t=24.899, P=0.000);chest circumference was (36.08 ± 2.35) cm higher than the control group (31.26±1.45) cm (t=22.304, P=0.000);the incidence of fetal adverse development in the observation group was 2.44%, lower than the control group of 7.98% (χ^2=5.084, P=0.024). Conclusion Appropriate supplementation of folic acid in pregnant women is conducive to the normal growth and development of the fetus, and effectively reduces the development of fetal congenital heart disease, low body weight, and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.