雉鸡、吉林本地三黄鸡和肉鸡的肉品质分析研究

Comparative Analysis of Meat Quality among Pheasants, Jilin Local Sanhuang Chickens and Broiler Chickens

为了研究雉鸡、吉林本地三黄鸡和肉鸡之间的肉品质差异,每个品种各选取20只鸡,雌雄各半,在同等条件下进行饲养至出栏日龄。采用常规方法测定不同品种肉鸡的肉品质性状指标,以及肌肉蛋白含量和肌内脂肪含量,利用统计学方法对各品种肉鸡的相关测定指标进行比较分析。结果表明,雄性雉鸡的肌肉系水力最高,与肉鸡、吉林本地三黄鸡差异显著(P<0.05);雌性雉鸡和肉鸡的肌肉系水力显著(P<0.05)高于吉林本地三黄鸡。雄性和雌性肉鸡的滴水损失率、水浴损失率均显著(P<0.05)高于相应性别的雉鸡和吉林本地三黄鸡。同性别的3个品种鸡的肌肉pH24 h值未表现出品种差异(P>0.05)。同性别的3个品种鸡的肌纤维直径指标表现出显著的品种差异(P<0.05)。雄性雉鸡的肌纤维密度最大,与肉鸡、吉林本地三黄鸡差异显著(P<0.05);3个品种雌性鸡的肌纤维密度存在显著的种间差异显著(P<0.05)。在肌肉剪切力指标上,雄性吉林本地三黄鸡剪切力最大,与雉鸡、肉鸡差异显著(P<0.05);雌性雉鸡剪切力最小,三黄鸡剪切力最大,3个品种的雌性鸡剪切力表现出显著的品种差异(P<0.05)。雌性和雄性雉鸡、吉林本地三黄鸡的肌肉蛋白含量显著(P<0.05)高于相应性别的肉鸡。相同性别的3个品种鸡,其肌内脂肪含量之间差异均显著(P<0.05)。综上所述,3个品种鸡的肉品质指标以及肌肉蛋白含量和肌内脂肪含量存在差异,雉鸡、吉林本地三黄鸡肉品质优于肉鸡,可作为本地饲养的首选品种。

To characterize the differences in meat quality between pheasants, Jilin local Sanhuang chickens and broiler chickens, 20 chickens (half male and half female) were selected for each variety. The chickens were raised under the same conditions until the age of slaughtering. The meat quality indicators, muscle protein content and intramuscular fat content of different varieties of chickens were determined by routine methods and were statistically compared. The results showed that the male pheasants had significantly higher (P<0.05) water holding capacity of muscle compared to the Jilin local Sanhuang chickens and broiler chickens;the female pheasants and broiler chickens had significantly higher (P<0.05) water holding capacity of muscle compared to the Jilin local Sanhuang chickens. The male and female broiler chickens had significantly higher (P<0.05) drip loss rate and water bath loss rate of muscle compared to the pheasants and Jilin local Sanhuang chickens of the corresponding gender. For the three varieties of chickens, no significant difference (P>0.05) in pH24 h value of muscle were observed within the same gender. The significant intervarietal difference (P<0.05) in muscle fiber diameter among the three varieties of chickens within the same gender was found. The highest muscle fiber density was observed in male pheasants, which was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the broiler chickens and Jilin local Sanhuang chickens;there was significant intervarietal difference (P<0.05) in muscle fiber density among the three varieties of female chickens. The male Jilin local Sanhuang chickens had significantly higher (P<0.05) muscle shear force compared to the pheasants and broiler chickens;for female ones, the lowest and highest muscle shear force was observed in pheasants and Jilin local Sanhuang chickens, respectively, and significant intervarietal difference (P<0.05) was found. The male and female pheasants and Jilin local Sanhuang chickens had significantly higher (P<0.05) muscle protein content compared to the broiler chickens of the corresponding gender;the significant intervarietal difference (P<0.05) in intramuscular fat content among the three varieties of chickens within the same gender was found. In summary, there are differences in meat quality indicators, muscle protein content and intramuscular fat content among the three varieties of chickens. The pheasants and Jilin local Sanhuang chickens perform better than broiler chickens, accordingly, these two varieties are recommended as the first choice for local breeding.