民国北京政府时期灾害管理制度研究——基于1920年北方旱灾的分析

Study on Disaster Management System in Beijing Government of Republican Period——Analysis of Northern Drought in 1920

我国在漫长的社会发展进程中,不断经历着各种各样的灾害,历朝历代都积累了比较丰富的灾害管理经验,形成了符合时代发展的灾害管理制度。本文对民国北京政府时期档案、报刊中1920年北方五省旱灾相关史料进行整理分析。研究发现,民国北京政府面对旱灾,按照传统机制进行赈灾救济的同时,开始设立新型灾害机构并采用现代化救灾方法,组织和动员社会力量参与赈灾,注意灾前预防、灾害救援处置、灾后恢复重建全过程管理,近代化的灾害管理制度逐渐形成。

In the long process of social development,China has been experiencing a variety of disasters,the past dynasties have accumulated a wealth of experience in disaster management,and formed a disaster management system in line with the development of the times.This paper arranged and analyzed historical data of the five northern provinces drought in 1920 in government archives,newspapers and magazines.The study found that,facing drought,Beijing government of Republican period used traditional mechanism for disaster relief,and at the same time,the government began to set up new disaster institutions and adopt modern disaster relief methods,organized and mobilized social forces to participate in disaster relief.They paid more attention to the pre-disaster prevention,the disaster rescue and disposal,and the disaster recovery and reconstruction process management.The modernization of disaster management system is gradually formed.