老年呼吸道感染患者病原细菌的临床检验研究

Clinical Study on Pathogenic Bacteria in Elderly Patients with Respiratory Tract Infection

目的探究老年呼吸道患者病原性细菌的临床检验结果。方法将2017年6月—2018年6月期间在该院接受诊治的150例老年呼吸道感染患者作为研究对象,采集所有患者痰液,并对患者痰液中病原细菌进行药敏测定。结果提取的150株细菌当中,革兰氏阳性菌49株,革兰氏阴性菌79株,真菌22株;在革兰氏阳性菌耐药性方面,革兰氏阳性对万古霉素的耐药性为0.00%,对复方新诺明的耐药性在0.00%~87.50%之间,对青霉素的耐药性则在60.00%~87.50%之间,对左旋氟沙星的耐药性在0.00%~61.54%之间,对克林霉素的耐药性在0.00%~87.50%(P>0.05);革兰氏阴性菌对氨曲南的耐药性在26.67%~92.86%之间,对头孢曲松的耐药性在42.86%~80.00%之间,对氨苄西林的耐药性在92.31%~100.00%之间,对环丙沙星的耐药性在57.14%~92.31%之间,对庆大霉素的耐药性在28.57%~86.67%之间,对亚胺培南的耐药性在15.38%~40.00%之间,数据经检验差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论革兰氏阴性菌是呼吸道感染患者的主要病原菌,针对老年呼吸道感染患者,应在确定患者病原菌后选择更为合适的抗生素并选择适合的用量为患者进行治疗,以确保达到更高的临床疗效,避免患者病原菌耐药性的升高。

Objective To explore the clinical test results of pathogenic bacteria in elderly respiratory patients.Methods A total of 150 patients with respiratory infections who were treated in our hospital from June 2017 to June 2018 were enrolled in the study.All patients were collected for sputum and the drug sensitivity of the pathogenic bacteria in the patient's sputum was determined.Results Among the 150 strains of bacteria,49 were Gram-positive bacteria,79 were Gram-negative bacteria,and 22 were fungi.In terms of drug resistance of Gram-positive bacteria,Gram-positive resistance to vancomycin was 0.00%,resistance to co-trimoxazole was between 0.00%~87.50%,resistance to penicillin was between 60.00%~87.50%,the resistance to levofloxacin was between 0.00%~6.51%,and the resistance to clindamycin was between 0.00%~87.50%(P>0.05).The resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to aztreonam was between 26.67%~92.86%,the resistance to ceftriaxone was between 42.86%~80.00%,the resistance to ampicillin was between 92.31%~100.00%,the resistance to ciprofloxacin was between 57.14%~92.31%,the resistance to gentamicin was between 28.57%~86.67%,and the resistance to imipenem was between 15.38%~40.00%,and there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens in patients with respiratory tract infections.For patients with respiratory tract infections,the appropriate antibiotic should be selected after the pathogen is determined and the appropriate dosage should be selected for the patient to ensure higher clinical efficacy and avoid the increase of drug resistance of the patient.