声音传播模拟技术综述

An Overview of Techniques on Sound Propagation Simulation

随着计算机技术的快速发展,虚拟环境中的声音传播模拟技术得到了较大的改进,并广泛应用于虚拟现实中.文中对虚拟环境下声音传播的概念及方法进行系统的分析,首先介绍基于几何声学的传播模拟方法,如虚声源法、射线追踪法、声束追踪法、声辐射度法等,并对声音传播过程中发生的衍射等声学现象进行讨论;然后对波动声学传播模拟方法进行综述,总结了有限元法、边界元法、有限差分时域法、等效源法等常用方法,并讨论了基于波动声学的模拟方法中的指向性声音传播;最后介绍了基于空间-频率分解技术的混合方法,按照现有的评价指标对上述方法进行对比分析,并介绍了非线性介质下的方法拓展;预测了该领域的发展方向,提出基于数据库的研究思路.

With the rapid development of computer technology, the simulation techniques of sound propagation in virtual environment have been greatly improved. It has been widely applied to the virtual reality. In this paper, the concept and algorithm of sound propagation in virtual environment are surveyed systematically. This paper introduced the geometric-based sound propagation method, such as image source method, ray tracing method, beam tracing method and acoustic radiance method, and discussed the reflection and diffraction effects in the process of sound propagation. Giving a detailed description of wave-based sound propagation, such as finite element method, boundary element method, finite difference time domain method, equivalent source method and the directional propagation in wave acoustics, the hybrid method based on space-frequency decomposition is introduced. The methods described in the paper were compared according to the existing assessment standards and the expanded method under the nonlinear medium was introduced. This paper proposed the future research direction in this field of study and a database-based idea.