白术挥发油的超临界CO2萃取及化学成分分析

Supercritical CO2 Fluid Extraction and Chemical Composition Analysis of Volatile Oil from Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma

目的确定白术挥发油的超临界CO2萃取最佳工艺条件,分析其化学成分。方法采用正交试验法,以萃取物中苍术酮的相对含量与萃取物得率为指标进行综合评分,通过考察萃取压力、萃取温度和萃取时间,筛选出最佳萃取工艺条件。采用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)对萃取物化学成分进行分析。结果超临界CO2萃取白术挥发油的最佳工艺为:萃取压力25 MPa,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间1.5 h,该条件下萃取率可达2.53%,苍术酮的相对百分含量为48.48%。萃取物中鉴定出60个化合物,其中主要成分为苍术酮(45.53%)、δ-杜松烯(7.33%)、2-(2,5-二甲氧苯基)环已烯酮(6.98%)、双环吉马烯(5.78%)、γ-榄香烯(5.48%)等。结论本研究获得的萃取物组成及含量与文献报告有明显差别。

Objective To determine the optimum supercritical CO2 fluid extraction conditions of volatile oil from Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma and analyze its chemical constituents.Methods The essential oil was extracted by SFE-CO2 in different conditions.The extraction pressure,temperature and extraction time were investigated by L9(34)orthogonal design with the extraction yield and the relative content of atractylone as the indexes.The chemical constituents were analyzed by capillary GC-MS.The relative content of each component was calculated by area normalization.Results The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:the extraction pressure of 25 MPa,the extraction temperature of 45℃and the extraction time of 1.5 h.The maximum extracting rate reached 2.53%and the relative content of atractylone reached 48.48%under these conditions.A total of 60 chromatographic peaks were separated and identified.The main chemical components were atractylone(45.53%),δ-cadinene(7.33%),2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)cyclohexanone(6.98%),bicyclogermacrene(5.78%)andγ-elemene(5.48%),etc.Conclusion The composition and content of the extracts obtained in this study are significantly different from those reported in the literature.