基于GIS的农村居民点分布格局及与地形因子关系分析——以韶关市大塘镇为例

Distribution Pattern of Rural Settlements and its Relationship with Topographic Factors based on GIS-- Take Shaoguan City Datang Town as an Example

农村居民点分布格局及地形因子是乡村地理学研究的内容之一,是研究城乡建设用地合理布局、农村居民点优化和乡村重构的基础。以城乡结合地带的韶关市曲江区大塘镇为研究对象,借助ArcGIS和Fragstats软件,研究农村居民点景观空间格局、形态,并分析与地形高度、坡度和坡向的关系。研究结果表明:(1)大塘镇农村居民点景观形状指数为23.99,平均斑块黏合度为0.16,蔓延度指数为58.30,分割度为0.99,居民点分布相对较为破碎和分散;(2)农村居民点集中分布于道路两侧,呈现点-线状分散分布;(3)农村居民点主要集中于低海拔的地区(<120 m);居民点分布随坡度增加而减小;向阳坡(南坡、东南坡与西南坡)居民点分布比重高于背阴坡(北坡、东北坡和西北坡)。

The distribution pattern and topographic factors of rural settlements are one of the key contents of rural geography research.They are the basis of the research on the rational distribution of urban and rural construction land,the optimization of rural settlements and the rural reconstruction.Taking Datang Town,Qujiang District,Shaoguan City as the research area,with the help of ArcGIS and Fragstats software,the landscape spatial pattern and morphology of rural residential areas were studied,and the relationship between landscape height,slope and slope direction was analyzed.Results shows that:(1)The landscape shape index of rural residential area in datang town is 23.99,the average patch adhesion is 0.16,the spread index is 58.30,and the segmentation index is 0.99.The distribution of rural residential area was relatively fragmented and scattered.(2)Rural residential areas are concentrated on both sides of the road,showing a point-line scattered distribution.(3)Rural residential areas are mainly concentrated in low-altitude areas(<120 m);the distribution of settlements decreases with the increase of slope.The distribution proportion of residential areas in sunny slope(south slope,southeast slope and southwest slope)is higher than that in shady slope(north slope,northeast slope and northwest slope).