抗稻瘟病基因的克隆及其分子育种研究进展

Research Advances in the Cloning of Rice Blast Resistance Gene and Its Molecular Breeding

水稻是世界上种植最广的农作物之一,而稻瘟病又是危害最严重的水稻病害之一,利用现有种质资源通过分子育种手段培育水稻抗性品种是防御稻瘟病菌最经济有效的方式。随着分子生物学尤其是基因工程技术的发展,通过对基因的直接操作使得水稻具有抗病性成为可能。NBS-LRR类基因是水稻中最为重要的抗病基因,且具有很高的规律性,在水稻抗稻瘟病方面发挥着重要的作用。本综述主要综述了国内外分子育种与基因克隆相关研究进展与技术方法,描述了水稻已经克隆的稻瘟病抗性基因在染色体上的分布情况。并对通过分子育种培育水稻抗稻瘟病品种的研究方向和前景做了简要预测。

Rice is one of the most widely cultivated crops over the world,meanwhile,rice blast is one of the most serious diseases in rice.The most cost-effective strategy to control rice blat is utilizing the existing germplasm resources to breed resistant rice cultivars using molecular breeding method.With the progress of molecular biology especially genetic engineering technology,it has become possible to manipulate gene directly to make rice get disease resistance.NBS-LRR genes are the most important resistance genes,which have high regularity,and they play a major role in resisting rice blast.The study reviewed the research progress and techniques related to molecular breeding and gene cloning in China and foreign counties,and described the distribution of the cloned rice blast resistant genes as well.Besides,we summarized the application and outlook of the molecular breeding to breed resistant rive cultivars.