冷战初期美国黑人的联合国请愿活动

African Americans’ Petitioning the United Nations during the Early Stage of the Cold War

从1946年到1951年,全国黑人大会、全国有色人种协进会和民权大会等黑人民权和左翼组织先后三次发起了向联合国请愿的活动,以引起国际关注,迫使美国政府采取措施改变美国黑人的困境。但在当时冷战反共的气氛下,美国政府采取了各种方式进行压制,这些活动无一例外都遭到失败。尽管如此,请愿活动通过把美国的种族困境延伸到国际环境中,引发了全球对美国种族问题日益增加的关注,从而清楚地证明国内的种族歧视成为了美国外交政策的致命要害,而且它们也为后来美国黑人的国际斗争提供了榜样。

From 1946 to 1951,such civil rights and left organizations as the National Negro Congress,the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the Civil Rights Congress petitioned the United Nations three times,asking for international help and further actions by the US government to help African Americans out of their predicament.However,under the anti-communist political atmosphere,the US government took a rather negative attitude and adopted the strong hand in solving the problem.This,alongside the many internal conflicts between those activists,led all the petition movements to failure.The movements,however,served to extend black Americans’civil rights campaigns into the international arena,making America’s racial troubles an international concern.Gradually,racial discrimination became the Achille’s heel of the United States,foreign endeavors.This episode also provides an example to later international struggles of black Americans.