当代唯物论的自然主义锚定——评徐英瑾新著《唯物论者何以言规范》

Naturalism Anchoring of Contemporary Materialism: A Review of Xu YingJin’s How Could Normativity Be Derived from a Materialist Narrative

当代唯物论之复兴与自然主义或自然化的哲学密切相关,通过对非还原式物理主义在科学和哲学上的发生及其旨趣的追溯,不难看到作者将唯名论与现代科学相结合以及将非还原式物理主义作为唯物论的升级版等基本立场。但由此也带来了一些需要澄清的问题,如为何选择非还原式物理主义的理由以及在形而上学层面这种立场所强调的是先验性还是后验性等。同时,以“蕴相殊”理论为马克思主义奠定形而上学基础、将规范性建立在随附式物理主义之上等论述也可能会面对一些理论困难,诸如哲学概念与科学事实之间的落差、二个层级以上的随附性关系框架中不同层级之间的随附关系的权重问题等。最后,在信息技术哲学的构建中,倡导节俭理性而拒斥大一统的哲学理论颇富洞见,但问题是,其所倡导的小数据和数据儒家何以应对由知识权力结构与资本控制导致的数据贪婪。

The revival of contemporary materialism is closely related to naturalism or naturalized philosophy.Through the investigation on the non-reduction physicalism in science and philosophy,it is not difficult to see that the principal positions of author are combining nominalism with modern science and taking non-reducing physicalism as an upgraded version of materialism.But it also brings some questions that need to be clarified,such as the reason of choosing non-reductive physicalism and whether it emphasizes a priori or a posteriori stance at the metaphysical level.At the same time,the argumentations of putting the metaphysical foundation for Marxism with the theory of“tropes”,constructing normative on the basis of supervenience physicalism,etc.,may also face some theoretical difficulties,such as the gap between philosophical concepts and scientific facts,the weighting problem of the supervenience relationship between different levels in the supervenience relationship framework with more than two levels.Finally,in the construction of philosophy of information technology,the advocation of frugal rationality and rejection of the unification of philosophy theory are quite insightful.The question is,however,how does the advocated small data and data-Confucianism deal with data-greed caused by knowledge-power structure and capital control.