易地扶贫搬迁中抗逆力动力机制的建构——基于渝东M镇易地扶贫搬迁安置点的考察

Construction of Dynamic Mechanism of Resilience in the Poverty Alleviation Relocation——Based on the Investigation of Poverty Alleviation Relocation Site of M Town in Chongqing

易地扶贫搬迁背景下,建档立卡搬迁户应对贫困的动力机制、生计策略及抗逆力结构之间密切关联.作为一种有较强反思性与能动性的范式,抗逆力集适应与转换于一体.适应即主体学习知识与规避风险的能力,转换即主体更新生存状态的能力.适应与转换作为抗逆力建构的两大机制,紧密联系,前者为后者奠定基础.由适应走向转换的过程中,因学习能力、缓冲能力与自组织能力的差异性,搬迁户内部出现三种应对贫困的生计策略与三种不同的抗逆力结构.短距离摆动的搬迁户通过个体经营与合作经营建构生存型抗逆力;长距离摆动的搬迁户积极开展就业创业活动建构发展型抗逆力;混合式摆动的搬迁户依靠多样化策略与支持建构互补型抗逆力.三种抗逆力结构并存,意味着搬迁户应对贫困的复杂样态.

In the context of the poverty alleviation relocation,there is a close relationship among the registered relocation households’dynamic mechanism,livelihood strategy and the structure of resilience in coping poverty.As a kind of paradigm with strong reflexivity and initiative,resilience integrates adaptation and transformation.Adaptation refers to the ability of the subject to attain knowledge and avoid risks,and transformation refers to the ability of the subject to update the living state.Adaptation and transformation,as two mechanisms for building resilience,are closely related,with the former being the foundation for the latter.Due to the differences in their abilities to learn,buffer,and self-organize,there are three livelihood strategies to cope with poverty and three different resilience structures in the process of transition from adaptation to transformation.The short-distance relocation household constructs the survival resilience through the independent management and the cooperative economy;long-distance relocation households actively carry out employment and entrepreneurship activities to build development-oriented resilience;Mixed ones rely on diversified strategies and support to build complementary resilience.The coexistence of three types of households suggests the complicated situation in coping with poverty.