土地制度和中国特色城市化模式——对“地方政府公司化”理论的反思

Land System and Urbanization Model with Chinese Characteristics——Reflections on the Theory of Local Government Corporatization

“地方政府公司化”理论框架难以完全解释建立在中国特色土地公有制基础上的城市化模式。基于“新苏南模式”的经验研究表明,自20世纪90年代以来城市快速发展秩序背后是中国特色社会主义土地制度的优越性。地方政府通过征地制度,把土地作为公有生产资料投入到经济建设中推动经济的现代化,形成政府主导的、公共性的城市开发体制。同时地方政府不断改革完善征地补偿制度,保障被征地农民普遍、公平地实现市民化,促进以人为核心的城市化,形成城市开发的社会基础。苏南的经验对全国后发地区有重要的启示意义,我国土地制度构建了中国特色的又快又好的城市化模式,不仅促进了城市快速发展,而且有利于国家和农民新型关系的形成。

It is difficult for the Theory of Local Government Corporatization to fully interprete the urbanization model based on the Chinese-style public ownership of land.The empirical study based on the New South Jiangsu Model shows that the ordered and rapid urban expansion since the 1990s is the result of the superiority of Chinese-style socialist land system.Through land expropriation system,land was placed in economic construction to promote economic modernization as a public means of production and a government-led public urban development system was formed.At the same time,the local government constantly reformed and improved the land expropriation compensation system,guaranteed the general and fair citizenization of the land-expropriated farmers,promoted the urbanization with people as the core,and formed the social foundation of urban development.These experiences are enlightening to the backward regions in China.This land system has constructed an effective and efficient urbanization model with Chinese characteristics to propel the rapid expansion of cities and the formation of a new relationship between the state and farmers.