摘要
为探明黑土区施加生物炭对土壤结构、土壤肥力和作物产量及其可持续性的影响,以东北黑土区3°坡耕地田间径流小区为研究对象,进行了为期4年的观测。2015年按照生物炭的施加量共设置C0(0 t/hm^2)、C25(25 t/hm^2)、C50(50 t/hm^2)、C75(75 t/hm^2)、C100(100 t/hm^2)5个处理,2016—2018年分别连续施加等量的生物炭。结果表明:连续4年随施炭量的增加土壤容重呈逐渐降低趋势、孔隙度呈逐渐升高趋势,且施用年限越长,作用越明显;连续4年广义土壤结构系数(GSSI)随施炭量的增加呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,土壤三相结构距离指数(STPSD)呈先减小后增大的变化趋势,均在第2年C50处理取得最大(小)值(98.31、4.87),同时土壤三相比最接近理想状态;连续4年大于0.25 mm的土壤团聚体含量(R0.25)、平均质量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)随施炭量的增加均呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,均在第2年C50处理取得最大值;连续4年土壤速效钾、有机质含量随施炭量的增加逐渐升高,土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量先增加后减小,各年份土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量提高最多的分别为C50(46.1%、76.6%)、C50(46.4%、85.4%)、C25(33%、100.7%)、C25(23.9%、103.2%);连续4年施加生物炭均可提高大豆产量、单株荚数、单株粒数和百粒质量,在第2年C50处理增产最大,增产率为33.3%,同时产量可持续性最强,产量可持续性特征指数(SYI)为0.871。
In order to find out the effects of applying biochar on soil structure,soil fertility and crop yield and its sustainability in the black soil region,the field runoff plot of 3°sloping farmland in the black soil region of Northeast China was taken as the research object,and a four-year observation was carried out.In 2015,according to the amount of biochar applied,five treatments of C0(0 t/hm^2),C25(25 t/hm^2),C50(50 t/hm^2),C75(75 t/hm^2),and C100(100 t/hm^2)were set.The treatments were applied as the same amount of biochar in 2016,2017 and 2018.The results showed that the soil bulk density was decreased gradually with the increase of biochar application and the porosity was increased gradually,and the longer the application period was,the more obvious the effect was.The generalized soil structure coefficient(GSSI)of the four consecutive years was increased first and then decreased with the increase of biochar loading,the soil three-phase structure distance index(STPSD)was decreased first and then increased,and the maximum(minimum)value(98.31,4.87)was obtained in the second year of C50 treatment.At the same time,the three-phase ratio of soil was the closest to the ideal state.the contents of macro-aggregates(R0.25),mean weight diameter(MWD)and geometric mean diameter(GMD)for four consecutive years were increased first and then decreased with the increase of biochar loading.The decreasing trend was the maximum in the C50 treatment in the second year.The soil available potassium and organic matter were increased gradually with the increase of biochar application for four consecutive years,and the soil available nitrogen and available phosphorus were increased first and then decreased.The highest increase of soil available nitrogen and available phosphorus in each year were C50(46.1%,76.6%),C50(46.4%,85.4%),C25(33%,100.7%)and C25(23.9%,103.2%).The application of biochar for four consecutive years can increase the yield of soybean and its components.In the second year,the C50 treatment increased the maximum yield,the yield was increased by 33.3%,and the yield was the most sustainable.The sustainability yield index(SYI)was 0.871.The research results can provide theoretical support for actual production.
作者
魏永霞
石国新
冯超
吴昱
刘慧
WEI Yongxia;SHI Guoxin;FENG Chao;WU Yu;LIU Hui(School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Key Laboratory of High Efficiency Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Survey and Research Institute,Harbin 150090,China;College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;School of Science,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第8期309-320,共12页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51479033)
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400101)
黑龙江省博士后基金项目(LBH-Z17017)
东北农业大学农业农村部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室开放项目(2017009)
关键词
生物炭
广义结构系数
三相结构距离指数
平均质量直径
几何平均直径
产量可持续性指数
biochar
generalized soil structure index
soil three-phase structure distance index
mean weight diameter
geometric mean diameter
sustainability yield index