滴灌灌施磷钾肥对矮砧苹果树生理生长和产量的影响

Effects of Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer on Physiological Growth and Yield of Dwarf Rootstock Apple Trees under Drip Irrigation

研究不同滴灌施肥方案对矮砧苹果树生理生长和产量的影响,为果园科学灌溉施肥管理提供理论依据。试验设置5个滴灌施肥水平:低磷中钾(P1K2)、中磷中钾(P2K2)、高磷中钾(P3K2)、低钾中磷(K1P2)和高钾中磷(K3P2),对照组地面灌溉(CK)的施肥水平为中磷中钾(CK-P2K2)。结果表明:不同灌溉方式和施肥水平对矮砧苹果树的新梢、树干直径、叶水势和产量均具有不同程度的影响。其中滴灌P2K2施肥水平可有效促进矮砧苹果树树干直径和新梢的生长,相比其他处理可显著增加果树树干直径和新梢的累积增长量;滴灌K3P2和P2K2施肥水平可显著提高矮砧苹果树的产量。相比地面灌溉,滴灌施肥可以有效促进矮砧苹果树的生长发育,实现增产。

The effects of different drip fertilization schemes on the physiological growth and yield of dwarf apple trees were studied,which provided a theoretical basis for the scientific fertigation management of orchard.The test set five drip fertilization levels:low phosphorus medium potassium(P1K2),medium phosphorus medium potassium(P2K2),high phosphorus medium potassium(P3K2),low potassium medium phosphorus(K1P2)and high potassium medium phosphorus(K3P2).The fertilization level of ground irrigation(CK)in the control group was medium phosphorus medium potassium(CK-P2K2).The results show that:different irrigation methods and fertilization levels have different effects on new shoots,trunk diameter,leaf water potential and yield of dwarf apple trees;the P2K2 fertilization level of drip irrigation can effectively promote the growth of the trunk diameter and shoot of the dwarf anvil tree,which can significantly increase the cumulative growth of trunk diameter and new shoots compared with other schemes;the K3P2 and P2K2 fertilization levels of drip irrigation can significantly increase the yield of dwarf apple trees;compared with ground irrigation,drip fertilization can effectively promote the growth and development of dwarf apple trees and increase production.