风沙土玉米膜下滴灌灌溉制度试验研究

Experimental Research on Mulch-Drip Irrigation Regime for Maize in Aeolian Sandy Soil

为了更好地为风沙土膜下滴灌灌溉制度的制定提供理论依据,通过田间试验,基于冠层蒸发量和作物系数设定4个不同灌溉水量(IR1:0.6 KcE、IR2:0.8 KcE、IR3:1.0 KcE、IR4:1.2 KcE),研究风沙土膜下滴灌不同灌溉水量对玉米生长和产量的影响。试验结果表明:灌溉水量越大,玉米长势越好,植株更高更粗壮,叶面积指数(LAI)和单株地上物质重越大,叶片叶绿素值越高;穗重、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重、穗粒重等产量构成性状和产量均随着灌水量的增加先增大后减小,各指标在1.0 KcE时最大。产量由大到小的顺序为:IR3>IR2>IR4>IR1,分别为13.2、12.6、12.5和9.5 t/hm^2;水分利用效率(WUE)随着灌水量的增大而减小,由大到小顺序为IR2>IR3>IR1>IR4,分别为2.35、2.17、2.05和1.84kg/m^3。因此,综合考虑农业生产的经济性和水资源的合理利用,在辽西北风沙土地区,玉米膜下滴灌灌溉水量宜控制在0.8KcE^1.0KcE。

In order to provide a theory basis for mulch-drip irrigation regime in Aeolian sandy soil area,through a field experiment,according to canopy evaporation and crop coefficients,four treatments with different irrigation amount(IR1:0.6 KcE,IR2:0.8 KcE,IR3:1.0 KcE,IR4:1.2 KcE)were set to study the effect of different irrigation amount of mulch-drip irrigation on maize growth and yield in Aeolian Sandy Soil.The results show that:the larger the irrigation amount,the better the growth of maize,the taller and stronger the plant,the greater the leaf area index(LAI)and the ground matter weight per plant,the higher the chlorophyll value of the leaf.Yield and yield composition traits,such as panicle weight,panicle length,panicle width,panicle row number,row grain number,hundred grain weight and panicle grain weight,all increase first and then decrease with the increase of irrigation water,and each index reaches the maximum value when the irrigation amount is 1.0 KcE.The order of production from large to small is:IR3>IR2>IR4>IR1,which is 13.2,12.6,12.5 and 9.5 t/hm^2,respectively.Water use efficiency(WUE)decreases with the increase of irrigation water amount and the order from large to small is IR2>IR3>IR1>IR4,which is 2.35,2.17,2.05 and 1.84 kg/m^3,respectively.Therefore,considering the economic efficiency of agricultural production and rational utilization of water resources,the irrigation amount of drip irrigation under maize film should be controlled at 0.8KcE^1.0KcE in the Aeolian sandy soil area of northwest Liaoning.