养老机构的环境理念和设计要素

Environmental Concepts and Design Consideration in Regard to Seniorliving Facilities

全球老龄化中,高龄老人组(80+)的增速最快。养老形式依国情和文化各有不同,但高龄老人对机构养老服务的需求则普遍相似。对近30年间以中英文发表的机构养老环境研究进行了归纳和分析,旨在推动养老产业的健康发展,为未来研究点明方向。基于成果分析,把养老机构的环境设计理念归纳为4点:家居气氛、人际交流、接触自然、适当运动;空间设计要素归纳为3层:场地环境、建筑布局、主要空间(老人居室、交往空间、服务设施)。养老机构的建设宜考虑上述要素,以安全方便为原则,从区域规划出发,重视本土化和科技化,关注中国老人的特点而非照搬国外经验。

In the era of global aging,people aged 80 years and older develop the fastest-growing group in the older population.Typologies of senior living may differ by country and culture,but the needs of people aged 80+years for institutionalized senior-living services are similar.This paper intends to promote the development of senior-living facilities and clarify the direction for future research.Focusing on the empirical research of seniorliving environments,a literature review was conducted to summarize and analyze the findings published in English and Chinese in the recent 30 years.The key factors of senior-living facility design are clarified in terms of design theory(homelike decorations,social interaction,natural lighting,and moderate physical activity)and spatial design(overall planning,building layout,and important spaces:residential rooms,common places,and amenities).These key factors may be considered in the future development of Chinese senior-living facilities to promote environmental safety and convenience,in response to local needs and high technology,focusing on the needs of older Chinese instead of coping overseas experience.