中国不同地区土壤有机质特征比较研究

Characterization of soil organic matter in different regions of China

土壤有机质是土壤的重要组成部分,既能为植物提供生长所需的各种营养成分,也能维持土壤生态系统的稳定。土壤有机质是陆地生态系统表层最大和最活跃的碳库,其微小波动会影响全球碳库的源汇效应。中国幅员辽阔,碳储量巨大,其在全球碳汇中具有举足轻重的地位。因此,在全球变化背景下研究我国土壤有机质的数量、组分和结构特征对于评价陆地生态系统碳循环有重要意义。本文对全国范围内具有代表性的东北、华北、西北、东南、西南和中部地区的土壤有机质数量、组分和结构特征进行了对比、分析、归纳和总结,阐述各个地区土壤有机质的特征,解析气候因素对土壤有机质地区间差异的影响,期望通过对我国主要地区土壤有机质特征论述,为未来各个地区的有机质研究和应对未来气候变化的策略提供参考资料。

Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important component of soil.It can provide various nutrients for plants,and thus maintain the stability of the soil ecosystem.SOM is the largest and most active carbon pool in the surface terrestrial ecosystem,and its small fluctuation in soil affects the source and sink of the global carbon pools.The territory of vast China is with huge carbon stock,which plays a significant and important role in global carbon sink.Therefore,further researches concerning the quantity,fraction and chemical structure of SOM in the context of global climate change will be of great significance in evaluating the carbon cycle in the whole terrestrial ecosystems.In this review,we divided the study area into six representative regions,namely,the Northeast region,North China,Northwest region,Southeast region,Southwest region and the middle region,and compared the characterization of the quantity,fractions and chemical structure of SOM among the regions.Factors influencing the changes were further illustrated.It is proposed that the comparisons of the quantity,fractions and chemical structure of SOM in the main regions of China would provide references for future SOM research and managements in various regions of China.