“就近入学”政策实施困境研究——基于布迪厄场域理论的视角

Study on the Dilemma of the Implementation of the Policy of “Approaching Nearby”——Based on Bourdieu’s field theory

“就近入学”是国家为保障义务教育阶段适龄儿童、少年方便入学而颁布的教育政策。政策制定的出发点是为了保证儿童受教育机会平等,但实际情况是该政策在教育场域实施过程中遭遇了困境,有违公平原则。主要表现在:择校热仍未减退;学区房依然抢手;学生渴望就读优质学校的机会未得到保障。本文基于布迪厄场域理论,尝试对该政策在实施中出现困境的原因做出解释:第一,公共优质教育资源有限且分布不均,导致私人资本发挥竞争作用;第二,教育场域中主体多元,场域游戏规则复杂,政策难以调控。在了解问题症结基础上,才能对症下药,有效解决问题。

“Approaching to the nearest school”is an education policy promulgated by the state to guarantee the convenient entry of school-age children and adolescents in compulsory education.The starting point of policy formulation is to ensure children s equal access to education,but the actual situation is that the policy has encountered difficulties in the implementation of the education field,and it is against the principle of fairness.The main manifestation is that the school selection fever has not subsided;the school district is still popular.The opportunities for students eager to attend quality schools are not guaranteed.Based on Bourdieu s field theory,this paper attempts to explain the reasons for the dilemma in the implementation of the policy:First,public quality education resources are limited and unevenly distributed,resulting in private capital playing a competitive role;second,the education field The main body is diverse,the game rules in the field are complex,and the policy is difficult to regulate.