中俄对外援助机制比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Foreign Aid Mechanisms Between China and Russia

从苏联时期起,中俄(苏)两国对外援助从基本理念到实践、主要援助组织机构与实施机制、具体实践方式与特点等就存在相近之处又有原则性差别。1991年前后,苏联对外援助体系基本瓦解。自20世纪90年代初至今,中国对外援助正逐步走向多样化与规范化、法制化,并且在“一带一路”倡议框架内不断扩展与完善;俄罗斯对外援助从独立之初的收缩状态正逐渐走向正常。中俄两国在东亚、中亚、东南亚、南亚、非洲等地区的对外援助活动有一定交叉,也有很多需要相互理解和彼此尊重的领域。两国间新时代全面战略协作伙伴关系以及“一带一盟”对接,为双方在国际援助领域的互动创造了先决条件。对中俄国际援助理念和现有对外援助机制的分析比较,有助于双方相互了解,发挥各自优势,在可能的领域内开展合作,并推动自身对外援助方案实效性的提高。

Since the Soviet era,there are similarities and differences of principle between China and Russia(Soviet Union)in terms of the basic concept and practice of foreign aid,major aid organizations and implementation mechanisms,specific practice methods and characteristics.Around 1991,the Soviet foreign aid system basically collapsed.Since the early 1990s,China's foreign aid has been gradually diversified,standardized and legalized,and has been continuously expanded and improved within the framework of the"One Belt and One Road"initiative;meanwhile Russia's foreign aid is gradually returning to normal from a state of contraction at the beginning of independence.China and Russia have overlapping foreign aid activities in East Asia,Central Asia,Southeast Asia,South Asia and Africa,and there are many areas that need mutual understanding and respect.Our comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination in the new era and the synergy between the Belt&Road and the Eurasian Economic Union have created prerequisites for our interaction in the field of international assistance.The comparative analysis of the international aid concepts and existing foreign aid mechanisms between China and Russia will help the two sides to understand each other,give play to their respective advantages,carry out cooperation in possible fields,and improve the effectiveness of their own foreign aid programs.