中亚国家首都选址的影响因素及其变迁与展望——基于自然、历史、新丝路的分析

The Influencing Factors of Capital Siting in Central Asian Countries and Their Vicissitudes and Prospects——Analysis Base on the Nature, History and "New Silk Road"

中亚五国在20世纪90年代初摆脱苏联体制独立建国之后,首都均选在了临近边境线的区域性中心城市。这种趋近于集体性选择的国家政治中心定位在世界其他地区是绝无仅有的,之所以集中出现在中亚地区,有着其独特的自然性内因和历史性外因。但哈萨克斯坦在1997年12月将首都从东南部边境的阿拉木图迁往中北部的阿斯塔纳,打破了中亚五国传统的首都选址理论与策略。这不仅可被认为是哈萨克斯坦希冀成为地区性强国的标志,亦是中亚国家试图凭借其丰富的资源与重要的地理位置于多极化格局中崛起的信号之一。因此,对影响中亚国家首都选址的双重因素以及哈萨克斯坦政治中心的变迁路径进行相关的分析,无疑会有助于对未来,特别是“上海合作组织”与“一带一路”框架下中亚各国政治发展趋向的研究,兼具理论与实际效应。

The Five Central Asian countries have been separated from the Soviet system at the beginning of the 1990s.After the independent founding of the people’s Republic of China,the capital has been chosen as a regional central city close to the border line.This kind of national political center,which tends to be collective,is unique in other parts of the world.The reason why it is concentrated in Central Asia have its unique natural internal cause and historical external cause.But Kazakhstan moved the capital from Almaty in the southeast border to Astana in the middle north in December 1997,breaking the traditional capital location theory and strategy of the five Central Asian countries.At the same time,it can not only be regarded as a symbol of Kazakhstan hopes to become a regional power,is also one of the Central Asian countries to signal in the multi polarization pattern in the rise with its abundant resources and important geographical location.Therefore,to change path of the dual factors of Central Asian countries and the political center of Kazakhstan capital location analysis science,will undoubtedly help to the future,especially the research of the Central Asian countries political development trend of“the Shanghai Cooperation Organization”and“The Belt and Road”under the framework of both theoretical and practical effect.