基于分时定价理论的地铁票价优化研究

Optimization of Subway Fare Based on Time-Sharing Pricing Theory

利用“削峰填谷”思想,以分时定价理论为基础,对地铁进行分时定价,对地铁不同时段客流量进行重新分配,缓减地铁全天客流不平衡性带来的矛盾。在对地铁进行时段划分后,考虑客流转移方式及转移量,构建了公共交通网络之间的单时段用户响应模型与时段之间客流转移的多时段用户响应模型,在此基础上建立地铁最大客流差最小模型,并利用遗传-Pareto算法进行求解,求得各时段地铁运价率。最后以算例进行分析,证明模型的有效性。结果表明:地铁分时定价可以在一定程度上改变出行者的出行行为,改善客流不均衡问题,降低高峰期满载率,提高运输服务水平。

Based on the theory of time-sharing pricing and the idea of“peak shaving and valley filling”,the time-sharing pricing of metro was carried out to redistribute the passenger flow in different periods of time in order to alleviate the contradiction caused by the unbalanced passenger flow throughout the day.After dividing the period of subway,considering the mode and quantity of passenger flow transfer,a single-period user response model between public transport networks and a multi-period user response model of passenger flow transfer between periods were constructed.On this basis,the minimum model of the maximum passenger flow difference of subway was established,and the genetic-Pareto algorithm was used to solve the problem,and the subway freight rate of each period was calculated.Finally,an example was given to prove the validity of the proposed model.The results show that the time-sharing pricing of metro can change the travelers'behavior to a certain extent,improve the imbalance of passenger flow,reduce the peak load rate and improve the service level of transportation.