高速道岔钢轨不平顺对轮轨噪声的影响研究

Influence of Irregular Railing on Wheel/Rail Noise of High Speed Turnout

建立了一种基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论、有限元-边界元方法的轮轨冲击噪声预测模型,首先在时间域内通过车辆轨道耦合动力学模型计算得到道岔不平顺作用下的轮轨相互作用力时程,耦合模型中采用刚性质量点模拟车轮,并将钢轨视为Timoshenko梁;建立轮对及轨道有限元模型,将轮轨相互作用力频谱输入其中进行谐响应分析,得到车轮、轨道振动速度谱;以此为边界条件在边界元模型中计算轮轨噪声辐射。实测我国某高速铁路道岔区轨面不平顺,分析对比道岔区不平顺和普通区域轨面不平顺特征,并根据所建立模型计算得到两种区域轮轨振动辐射噪声功率。研究发现,道岔区不平顺幅值高于非道岔区,进而引起明显高于非道岔区的轮轨噪声;声学打磨过程中应注意0.16~1m波长范围及20mm附近范围波长的控制。在300km/h行车速度情况下,需要限速78km/h才能使道岔区轮轨声辐射不超过普通区段。

A wheel-rail impact noise prediction model based on the vehicle-track coupled dynamics theory and the finite element-boundary element method was established.Firstly,the time history of the wheel-rail interaction force excited by the turnout irregularity was calculated through the vehicle-track coupled dynamics model in the time domain.In the coupled model,the rigid mass was used to simulate the wheel and the rail was regarded as the Timoshenko beam.Subsequently,a finite element(FE)model of the wheelset and the track was built,and then the frequency spectrum of the wheel-rail interaction force was input into the FE model for harmonic response analysis to obtain the vibration velocity spectral of the wheel and the track.Therefore,the wheel-rail noise radiation was analyzed in the boundary element model based on these boundary conditions.The characteristics of the track irregularities measured from the turnout areas on a high-speed railway in China were compared with that measured from the common areas,and the wheel-rail vibration noise power in two regions was obtained according to the established model.The study indicates that the irregularity amplitude in the turnout area is higher than that in the non-turnout area,which leads to wheel-rail noise significantly higher than that in non-turnout area.Besides,during the acoustic grinding,attention should be paid to the control of wavelength in the range of 0.16~1 m and in the range of 20 mm.Furthermore,in the case of 300km/h running speed,the speed limit of 78km/h is required to make the wheel-rail sound radiation at the turnout section not exceed the common section.