苹果无损检测和品质分级技术研究进展及展望

Research progress and prospect on non-destructive detection and quality grading technology of apple

中国苹果总产量高,但出口量占比低,高端苹果市场多被进口苹果所占领,主要原因是缺乏果品品质分级精选技术与装备,采摘后处理自动化程度低,大部分果品未经加工或简单粗加工后进入消费市场,果品品质不稳定,大大降低了市场竞争力。本文分别对苹果品质无损检测和分级技术的现状进行了研究进展分析,并对其发展进行了展望。苹果无损检测技术主要包括光谱、电特性、CT、色谱、电子鼻和计算机视觉技术,针对各种技术的功能特点和优缺点,提出了发展基于新型传感器技术的苹果气味检测方法;苹果品质分级则主要采用基于机器视觉的多特征分级方法,苹果品质无损检测技术与分级技术的有机结合是苹果品质分级技术的发展方向,同时这对于提高苹果产业竞争力具有促进作用。整体而言,中国苹果品质无损检测和分级技术发展需求紧迫,检测新技术如采用纳米科学、生物技术和人工智能方法的传感器技术及产品在苹果无损、品质分级检测方面具有巨大潜力,多技术的融合如集成电、光、气和计算机视觉等实时、高效、高精度的苹果品质分级系统可能是提高苹果分级品质和提升苹果产业竞争力的重要发展方向。

China has high total apple output,but the export volume is low.The high-end apple market is mostly occupied by imported apples.The main reason of this situation is the lack of technologies and equipments for fruit quality classification,and the degree of automation after picking stands low.The apples enter the consumer market without simple roughing processing,and the quality of the apple is unstable,which greatly reduces its market competitiveness.In this paper,the status quo of non-destructive detection and grading technology of apple quality was analyzed,then the development was forecasted.Apple non-destructive detection technology mainly includes spectrum,electrical characteristics,CT,chromatography,electronic nose and computer vision technology.According to the functional characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of various technologies,it is proposed to develop apple odor detection method based on new sensor technology;adopting multi-feature grading method based on machine vision,the combination of apple quality non-destructive testing technology and grading technology can promote the improvement of apple's industrial competitiveness.Overall,the needs of apple quality non-destructive detection and grading technology development in China are urgent.Detections with new technologies such as nanotechnology,biotechnology and artificial intelligence methods of sensor technology and products in apple non-destructive,quality grading detection and multi-technology have great potential.A real-time,efficient,high-precision grading systems in apple quality which integrates electricity,light,gas and computer vision may be an important development direction for improving apple's quality and enhancing the competitiveness of the apple industry.