辽宁老工业企业的分布特征与工业遗产保护

Distribution characteristics of old industrial enterprises in Liaoning and protection of industrial heritage

老工业企业是工业遗产的有效依托和文化载体,其时空格局对工业遗产的完整性、系统性保护有着重要影响。借助文献研究和空间统计分析方法,科学梳理近代以来辽宁老工业基地工业化发展进程及其工业遗产形成的历史脉络,对区域内236家老工业企业的行业归属和空间分布格局进行系统分析。研究表明:辽宁的老工业企业以重化工企业、大型工业企业以及机械制造、冶金和能源工业企业类型为主导,形成沿中东铁路(南满铁路)线延伸,并向老工业城市中心集聚的空间分布态势。工业遗产保护需要在老工业基地层面以老工业企业为中心做好保护规划,注意发挥老工业企业及其传统工业社区在工业遗产保护中的主体性作用。

Old industrial enterprises are the effective platform and cultural carrier of the industrial heritage,whose space and time pattern has an important influence on the intact and systematic protection of the industrial heritage.With the help of literature research and spatial statistical analysis,the industrialization development process of the old industrial base in Liaoning and its historical context of the formation of industrial heritage are combed scientifically.The industrial attribution and spatial distribution pattern are systematically analyzed for the 236 old industrial enterprises in the region.The research shows that the industrial attributions of the old enterprises in Liaoning are dominated by heavy chemical industry,large manufacturing industry,equipment manufacturing industry,metallurgical industry and energy industry;the pattern of spatial distribution is formed that the old enterprises scatter along the railway line of the Chinese Eastern Railway(the South Manchuria Railway)and cluster in the center of the old industrial city.The protection of industrial heritage needs to focus on the old industrial bases,make better protection planning by taking the old industrial enterprises as the center,and pay attention to letting the old industrial enterprises and their traditional industrial communities to play the major role in the protection of industrial heritage.