我国高放废物地质处置地下实验室安全问题探析

Investigations on Safety Problems of Underground Research Laboratories for China’s High Level Radioactive Waste Geological Disposal

建造地下实验室是我国高放废物地质处置研发的必经阶段。作为场址特性和多重屏障长期性能研究、选址与长期性能评价,以及工程技术研发的平台,地下实验室为高放废物地质处置设施设计和建造提供基础科学信息和实践经验,也为安全评价提供基础数据。根据国家相关规划,2020年完成地下实验室建造的安全评审,但目前尚缺少相应的安全监管方法和审查要求。本文从地下实验室的功能和作用出发,基于我国地质处置地下实验室的功能定位,结合瑞典、芬兰、美国和法国等国家对地下实验室建设的相关要求和实践,阐述了地下实验室安全审查需要重点关注的几个关键问题,并提出了相关建议。

The construction of underground laboratory is a necessary stage for the research and development of geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste(HLW)in China.As a platform for site characteristics and multi-barrier long-term performance research,siting and long-term performance evaluation,as well as engineering technology research and development,underground laboratories provide basic scientific information and practical experience for the design and construction of geological disposal facilities for high-level radioactive waste.It also provides basic data for the safety evaluation.According to relevant national planning,the safety assessment of underground laboratory construction will be completed in 2020,but there is still a lack of corresponding safety supervision methods and review requirements.Starting from the function and role of the underground laboratory,based on the functional orientation of the geological disposal underground laboratory,combined with relevant requirements and practices of Sweden,Finland,the United States and France on the construction of underground laboratory.This paper expounds several key problems that need to be paid attention in the safety review of underground laboratories,and puts forward some suggestions accordingly.