从场域理论看科举制度的废除对士人阶层的影响

On the Impact of the Abolition of Imperial Examination System on Scholars from the Field Theory

清末的中国处于“三千年未有之大变局”之下,清廷废科举之行为,在百万士人阶层中产生了不可小觑的影响。不同的学者从不同的视角探讨了科举废除对士人阶层的影响,指出了废科之后士人阶层的出路。本文从布迪厄的场域理论出发,指出科场场域以及士绅惯习的存在,并进而探讨科举制废除对于士人阶层的影响。

At the end of the Qing Dynasty,there was an unprecedented major change during the past three thousand years.The act of abolishing the imperial examination in the Qing Dynasty has had an indispensable influence on the class of millions of scholars.Different scholars explored the impact of the abolition of the imperial examination on the class of the scholars from different perspectives,and pointed out the way out for the scholars in the aftermath.Starting from Bourdieu's field theory,this paper points out the existence of the field of the imperial examination and the habits of the gentry,and then explores the impact of the abolition of the imperial examination system on the class of the scholars.