测绘地理信息产品抽样检验的两类错误概率

Probabilities of two types of errors in sampling inspection for surveying and mapping products

针对测绘地理信息产品抽样检验的要求,给出了两类错误概率的计算方法,并通过各种不同抽样方案的两类错误概率值,分析了现行的国标GB/T24356—2009抽样检验的特点。同时针对大批量整体抽样检验和分批抽样检验,通过实例计算,说明了大批量整体检验与分批检验对整体通过概率的等价性以及分批检验的不合理性。基于“纳伪”概率值分析,提出了低合格率总体条件下,抽样检验自身的高“纳伪”概率将导致抽样检验的失效性,并通过实际算例计算了导致检验结论失真的质量边界,对测绘地理信息产品的质量风险控制具有重要意义。

Based on theory of hypothesis testing,a function of calculating probabilities of two types of errors is proposed,which is adopted inanalyzing the advantages and disadvantages of different sampling schemes given in the National Standard GB/T24356—2009.Under the circumstance of large lot size,the sampling inspection should be carried out lot by lot with the lot size less than 200 and the least lot number.Investigations on such procedure are made base on the probability distributions of two types of errors.Numerical results of typeⅠerror show that the whole lot inspection is equivalent to the sub-lot inspections sequence from the point of probability of positive null hypothesis.At the same time,experiment results of typeⅡerror with the typical sampling scheme show that the conclusions of sampling inspection according to the requests of GB/T24356—2009 may be badly wrong under the situation of low percentage of defectiveness.