护生自我表露与共情能力的相关性研究

Research on correlation between self-disclosure and empathy ability of nursing students

[目的]调查护生自我表露与共情的现状及其内在关系。[方法]使用自我表露指数量表、人际反应指标对临床实习前的129名护生进行调查。[结果]共情总分、想象、共情关注、观点采择和个人痛苦得分分别为(51.37±9.07)分、(15.27±3.69)分、(17.50±3.33)分、(12.73±3.07)分、(7.60±3.72)分,自我表露总分为(30.86±5.95)分。护生共情总分及各分量表得分与自我表露总分的相关系数为0.194~0.403(P<0.01);护生的共情关注和观点采择解释其自我表露的变异度为17.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]护生共情和自我表露的水平不高,护生的共情与自我表露呈正相关,共情关注和观点采择对自我表露具有正向预测作用。护理教育者应关注护生的共情与自我表露水平,通过培养护生的共情水平优化其自我表露的程度及有效性。

Objective:To investigate the status quo of self-disclosure and empathy of nursing students,and to explore the effect of empathy for self-disclosure.Methods:A total of 129 nursing students who were to be pre-clinical practice were investigated by using Self-Disclosure Index and Interpersonal Reactivity Index.Results:The total score of empathy,fantasy,empathic concern,perspective taking and perspective distress dimension were 51.37±9.07,15.27±3.69,17.50±3.33,12.73±3.07,7.60±3.72.The total score of disclosure was 30.86±5.95.The correlation coefficients between the total score and each subscale score of nursing students′empathy and the total score of self-disclosure were 0.194~0.403(P<0.01);the empathy concern and perspective taking of nursing students explained 17.6%variance of self-disclosure,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:The level of empathy and self-disclosure of nursing students was poor.There nursing students′empathy was positively correlated with self-disclosure.Moreover,empathic concern and perspective taking had a positive predictive effect towards self-disclosure.Nursing educators should pay attention to the nursing students′empathy and self-disclosure level,optimize their self-disclosure degree and effectiveness through cultivating the nursing students′empathy level.