教育政策的地方执行——基于清前期福建学政视学活动的考察

Local Implementation of Educational Policies ——Based on Educational Inspections by Commissioners in Fujian in Early Qing Dynasty

清初沿明制,以学政掌各省文教,学政所以成为有清一代文教政策在地方的重要执行者。学政以补偿和惩戒的手段,通过组织修学建祠、训示教士、规范书籍颁行等视学活动,完成中央文教政策的地方执行过程,并基于政策的照搬执行和变通执行构建与地方士子的互动关系。受制于学政主观认知和客观原因,其视学活动的影响有限且难以持久。通过考察清前期督闽学政视学活动,可以管窥教育政策执行场域中执行者行为的具体情况及对地方教育的影响程度。

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,duetocontinualapplying the Ming system,the education commissioner governed cultural and educational affairs in the province.An education commissioner is an important executor in implementing a local cultural and educational policy.With the means of compensation and punishment,the education commissioner completes the local implementation process of the central cultural and educational policy through organizing academic such activities as building priests,educating priests,regulating book circulation,and constructing the interactive relations between local teachers based on policy.Being subject to the subjective cognition and objective reasons,the influence of the education commissioner's activity is limited and difficult to sustain.By examining the activities of the political inspection in the early Qing Dynasty,we can know the specific situation of the implementers in the field of education policy and the degree of influence on local education.